Bullfighter and bull form symbolic representations in the fighting. This animal-mating antithetical elegance is also a symbiosis of violence and beauty that makes the spectacle of bullfighting particularly attractive.
Lamborghini Murcielago LP640
So faithful to the tradition he wants, always, the bull as a symbol of the prestigious car manufacturer founded by Ferruccio Lamborghini - just born under the sign of the bull - the head of Automobili Lamborghini have decided to baptize the last born of a noble family with the name of a bull. And so, after recalling names or bulls that are linked to the bullfights as Miura, Jslero, Urraca, Bravo, Jalpa and Espada (the latter term indicating the sword, that is the weapon of the bullfighter, and traversed the bullfighter himself) it is now a Murcielago - which among other things in Spanish means "bat" - a new name but certainly effective to express the dynamism, elegance and power of a sporting breed which is the last Lamborghini born. "
Lamborghini Murcielago LP640
"The Lamborghini Murcielago is a car Coupe 2 places and 2 ports (the latter with the opening now feature" vertical ") based on the typical layout Lamborghini: Central rear V12 engine, transmission according to the outline of the House change of place in front of the engine rear differential and "integrated" in the power plant, permanent wheel drive with viscous center coupling.
2003 Lamborghini Murcielago Interior
This layout, strength of the projects Lamborghini for more than three decades, gives an optimal weight distribution (58% and 42% rear front) with obvious positive effects on the characteristics of traction, braking and handling. Even with the suspension (independent articulated quadrilateral) represents the most advantageous for a GT car of high performance and are in line with the Lamborghini tradition. The exterior body panels are carbon fiber, with the exception of the roof and door panels, which are made of steel.
In the rear there are two taken active air for cooling the engine system VACS (Variable Air-flow Cooling System ") with a variable aperture section. In addition, to ensure a smooth aerodynamic balance at any speed, the tail was a wing to tilt also varies. Depending on the speed of the car, the rear wing can take three different positions: 0 to 130 km / h closed, between 130 and 220 km / h partially open (50th) and over 220 km / h fully open (70 ° approx).
The exterior mirrors are electrically folding, and arms support and cap of considerable size to allow for "milestones" the rear fenders that are very pronounced, especially taken in open air, but without compromising the stability of the same even at high speeds. The "mission" was to draw a worthy heir to the Lamborghini Diablo: the new car would be exciting, unmistakable, but also safe and ergonomic.
Surely the line Lamborghini Murcielago is linked to the genome of the Lamborghini and its plan will honor the most significant icons formal. In its line are the architecture or, more precisely, the structuring of surfaces and the wedge of the Countach, the sensual tension of the Miura volumes and proportions outside the town of Diablo, with its advanced cockpit.
The Lamborghini Murcielago is characterized in particular from the body of the passenger car: the idea is "a people", made famous by the Countach and Diablo, which puts tension in a single arc from front to rear and stresses thus form a wedge.
The Lamborghini Murcielago is a car superlative, whose mechanical structure does not, nor requires no imagination: its line must reflect this and therefore does not present any superfluous ornamentation, no gadgets. In a word: a pure line. With a strong momentum of athleticism, obtained by reducing the visual changes and amplifying the masses "muscle", situated above and around the wheels. The curves of the body, with their complex tensions, interact and merge into one.
Its silhouette, whose proportions are dictated by strong connotations formal and edges, takes inspiration from the solutions adopted on famous "stealth". The dynamic surface for cooling and downforce and then have originated in the aeronautical field, in which, more than any other, has the function to dictate the form.
And this line, so inspired by that of the fighter jet, must be particularly efficient. Each serving technique is conducted by an active system: in this way the aerodynamic efficiency is not compromised by thermodynamic added a goal or aerodynamic when it is not necessary.
The propeller of the Lamborghini Murcielago - which is in good standing with the most stringent standards antiinquinamento valid in all countries of the world, including the United States, Japan and Europe - is a 12-cylinder V-60th of 6192 cc entirely fueled by aluminum unleaded petrol, which has a power of 580 hp (426 kW) at 7500 rpm and a torque of 650 Nm at 5400 rpm.
The torque curve is optimized in the field of operation (including schemes relatively low for a motor sports), using a system of variable-geometry intake (VIS), a system of phase change (VVT) is on the intake camshaft is about to exhaust bodies and electronic throttle control ( "drive-by-wire") that allow a reduction of pollutant emissions and improved monitoring of the minimum and handling . In particular, it should be noted that already at 2000 rpm torque of the Lamborghini Murcielago is greater than the value of maximum torque of the majority of Granturismo cars on the market today.
Compared to its predecessor, also fit the lubrication system "a dry sump" ("dry sump"), which allows a lowering of the whole group power by 50mm, resulting in lower benefits of the center of gravity.
The system of variable-geometry intake it is essentially based on the variation of the geometry of aspiration "upstream" of the primary conduits and is based on three different modes of behavior, obtained through the opening and closing of two butterfly valves (one Plenum on and carried on a bypass), managed by the power control engine Lamborghini "LIE".
Totally unprecedented is the above-mentioned system "VACS" ("Variable Air-flow Cooling System). A high-performance car obviously requires a high engine power. This engine in turn requires an adequate "cooling engine", i.e. a system of jacks air cooling radiators. In a traditional project it must be taken such size taking into account the conditions of employment more critical, for example in case of high temperatures, even if a corresponding short periods of use (on average 15% of the life of the car). This implies taken air oversized compared to "average", thus penalizing the aerodynamic characteristics, and thus reducing performance of the car.
To escape from this logic the Automobili Lamborghini SpA has made the cooling system with air taken in variable geometry can vary the section of way depending on the request of the engine and external temperature conditions. In this way is reduced to cases of necessity (as explained above average 15% of the life of the car) the aerodynamic penalty caused from the air.
The system has two rear side air taken by opening a compass, two positions: closed (O °) or open (20th). The transition from one position to another can be controlled automatically according to operating conditions (water temperature and engine temperature) or manually at the discretion of the driver (via button, only motor starts). Not missing a security strategy, which has become operational in the event of obstacle to normal movement: a warning light indicates the possible malfunction?
With 580 hp (426 kW) maximum power of its propeller 12-cylinder V-60, and maximum torque of 650 Nm from 7500 rpm, the Lamborghini Murcielago can exceed 330 km / h and accelerate from 0 to 100 km / h in 3.8 seconds. Compared to previous models, the handling of the Lamborghini Murcielago has benefited from a substantial improvement, which was obtained through a more regular curve of torque, increased power, the new 6-speed exchange and improvement of the management of electronic power. The progress in terms of performance and handling, even during the most severe sporting uses, is accompanied by an equally substantial improvement in ride comfort. "
The management and control of motor parameters and the car is done through a system of 3 Units "master" and 1 satellite unit, namely 2 power management engine Lamborghini "LIE", 1 unit Lamborghini "GFA" ( "Management Functions Ausiliarie" ) And 1 unit Lamborghini "PMC" (Power Motor Control ", the satellite unit). The connections between these units are via CAN BUS.
In particular, each of the 2 LIE microprocessor 32 bit/20Mhz manages and controls an engine block, with differentiation of functions and recognition at the assembly through an identification pin, while the "car" are borne by GFA and PMC with Microprocessor 32 bit/20MhZ and 80-pin connector each.
Control algorithms designed to ensure the passing of the standard U.S., Europe and Japan. "TRANSMISSION" As anticipated, changing the Lamborghini Murcielago is a 6-speed transmission while maintaining the typical layout Lamborghini.
For greater rigidity of the system and greater stability in the basic operation, the tree primary and secondary are three media (against two of Diablo).
Lubrication is a forced, with internal pump to return. The use to synchronize the new generation (double and triple cone) and the optimization of kinematics control have led to a significant reduction in the effort to drive lever command change.
The rear differential is flanged to the engine for the possibility of replacement without the complete removal of the vehicle powertrain. The clutch control system is optimized through the use of a "slave cylinder" to coax bearing with substantial reduction in the average load the clutch pedal.
Even in the Lamborghini Murcielago was adopted a system of permanent four-wheel drive with viscous center coupling ( "Viscous Traction), with self rear differential to 45% and 25% earlier. This solution is an active traction control: the torque in excess on the main (rear) is in fact transferred automatically into the secondary axis (front) to keep an ideal traction.
The Murcielago's chassis has been significantly tightened, and has thus reached a value of torsional stiffness of 20,000 Nm. Achieving this goal was a key objective of the program of development of the car, and obtaining this result has resulted in significant improvements in the performance of the car: a better behavior of the suspension, more comfort driving and a significant reduction of internal noise.
The connections between the parties in steel and carbon fiber are obtained through bonding and steel rivets. In the chassis, which has a structural steel roof and a fund linked to carbon tubular structure, are used ribbed sheets printed, also with structural function.
These, in particular, the improvements achieved compared to the previous frame (Diablo). In the area earlier had been an advancement of 15 mm shock of the attacks, attacks torsion bar front suspension and attacks (pass car = 2665mm), the replacement of some of the tubes and panels in the area of the rear wheel arches, with a panel carbon fiber, linked to the perimeter of the tubular structure, as in the geometry of the bottom against the progress of the front axle for better accessibility and increased space for housing the pedal.
The suspensions, four-wheel independent quadrilaterals articulated arm in steel and hydraulic shock absorbers with electronic calibration in scope and automatic manual, were optimized to achieve excellent performance with regard to handling and stability in straight line. The improvements were mainly springs and shock absorbers, the anti-roll bars - front and rear - and the new setting total suspensions themselves.
The size of the circles wheel, aluminum valves and demise, are 8 ½ x 18 "(front) and 13 x 18" (rear) tires of the measures, which are PIRELLI P Zero "RED", are respectively 245 / 35 ZR 18 and 335/30 ZR 18. The wheel circles have benefited from a new design with floating valves that allow better circulation of cooling air around disc brakes and calipers. The tires provide better ride comfort, a reduction in rolling noise and improved performance of the car.
The safety skills are among the strengths of Lamborghini Murcielago. The braking system consists of four disc brakes with brake caliper four cylinders, hydraulic transmission to two independent circuits, one for the front axle and the other for the rear. At includes a hydraulic pump in tandem, a servo vacuum, the emergency brake and parking. Obviously this is also an anti-lock system (ABS) to 4 channels with DRP (electronic braking distribution) and TCS. "
The anti-lock braking system, such as TRW, is an integral part of the braking system basis and consists of a unit of electro-hydraulic control and 4 wheel speed sensors.
The system can monitor and control each wheel independently (4-channel system). To maintain the condition of security guaranteed by the full independence of the 2 hydraulic circuits (one for the front brakes and one for the rear) of the hydraulic control are double, and no part of the system is in common.
In case of failure of the anti-lock system, marked by special red light placed on the dashboard, the basic braking system will continue to operate normally. Compared to the previous model, was scaling the "DRP" (Dynamic Rear Proportioning), which is additional to that basic respect and ensure in all conditions - even those that do not involve the intervention of ABS base - the optimum allocation of braking between the front and rear.
Even the standard of passive safety of the Lamborghini Murcielago are decidedly high were adopted two airbags, a first pilot of 60 liters with a single inflator and passenger side of 130 liters with dual inflator that comes from a new dashboard cover, saddle, without seams. Both are controlled by a new unit.
In the Lamborghini Murcielago have been met all the stringent safety standards EU, Japan and USA: occupant protection FMVSS 201, FMVSS 208 occupant crash protection, side impact protection FMVSS214, FMVSS 301 Integrity plant fuel, materials Flammability FMVSS 302, FMVSS 401 trunk for Security Children and some 581 Bumpers.
At the wheel of the Lamborghini Murcielago everything is under control. The instrumentation, clear and precise, includes an electronically controlled group that integrates into a single plan all the instruments and their functions with many improvements and aesthetic quality and is directly interfaced through a CAN line, a unit Lamborghini "GFA" ("body computer").
In the new instrument panel has also integrated the "trip computer" that controls the functions of average and maximum speed, maximum acceleration, remaining, stopwatch and voltmeter.
Among the other driver's aids are to report the Electrically operated for closing the exterior mirrors, heated electrically, the mirror Anti Procedure and the "lifting system" which allows, at low speed, 45mm to raise the front axle of the car .
The interior is leather steering wheel with sports (also in leather) to three races and the shifter selector with steel and steel: This is a detail that derives from an ancient tradition Lamborghini. Were also provided numerous storage compartments and the additional radio-loading CD has been specially designed for specific Lamborghini.
Among the optional expected the short gear ratios and the navigation system. The sportsmanship of the Lamborghini Murcielago remains certainly nothing to comfort, which is noticeably improved compared to the Diablo.
It is definitely increased the comfort noise result of the optimization of materials used, the elimination of steps unwanted noise, the adoption of integrated panels and the use of insulation in the wheel, which help to reduce noise rolling.
The Murcielago's climate allows for adjustment of temperature of between 16 and 31 degrees Celsius, the automatic distribution of the passenger depending on the season and temperature outlet from the group, the automatic control of speed ventilation with eight different levels, the auto recycling and the compressor.
The limits of operation of the air conditioning Lamborghini Murcielago, which also maintains an office defroster automatic and allows a full self, remain between -29 and 55 degrees Celsius temperature outside.
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